Butterflies of Nepal
The butterflies of Nepal hold a special place in our hearts, as this is where our passion for butterfly exploration and conservation first took flight. It's a country with a rich butterfly diversity, boasting 692 species, according to Smith (2011) and recent updates by ourselves and other researchers, as compiled in the comprehensive catalogue by Van der Poel and Smetacek (2023).
Note: Susbspecies are not counted in the total. Nepali names are based on KC et al. (2024). Please cite this website if you intend to use any data given herein; cite the original paper for the Nepali names as some names listed on this website were working names and may not reflect the finalized names.
Rarity Index:
extremely rare/endangered
very rare/vulnerable
rare
uncommon
common
* beside rarity color represents the species is local. For instance, * represents the species is rare and local.
Our Progress
Hesperiidae (109/148): Skippers
Hesperiids are commonly known as skippers and are members of true butterflies (Papilionoidea). They have hooked antennae and small wings compared to their bulky bodies. Some groups keep their wings closed while some prefer to keep them flat open. Hesperiids have a very fast flight what with some are called swifts and darts.
Coeliadinae (14/17)
Eudaminae (01/01)
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Lobocla liliana - marbled flat/पाटे थेप्चे * |
Pyrginae (26/41)
Heteropterinae (00/01)
Carterocephalus avanti avanti - orange and silver mountain hopper/स्वर्णरजत फड्के |
Hesperiinae (69/89)
Papilionidae (29/49): Swallowtails
Commonly known as Swallowtails, members of this family are some of the largest butterflies in the world. They can be easily recognized by their upturned antennae, lack of palpi, large eyes and the presence of osmaterium in larval stage. Ancient families such as Parnassiinae show some exceptions. Despite the common name, not all species have tails.
Parnassiinae (0/08)
Papilioninae (29/41)
Pieridae (36/50): Whites and Yellows
Also known as the whites and yellows, Pieridae can often be seen mud-puddling. The name "butterfly" is believed to have originated from common brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni which is butter in color.
Pierinae (24/34)
Coliadinae (12/16)
Lycaenidae (114/191): Blues
Also known as the blues because of the blue upperwings of most species, this family contains some of the smallest butterflies of the world. Freyeria putli - least grass jewel, is considered to be the smallest butterfly found in Nepal.
Poritiinae (01/01)
Poritia hewitsoni hewitsoni - common gem/रत्न |
Miletinae (05/06)
Curetinae (02/02)
Curetis bulis bulis - bright sunbeam/सुर्यमणि |
Curetis acuta dentata - angled sunbeam/दन्तछाप सुर्यमणि |
Aphnaeinae (04/06)
Theclinae (46/94)
Lycaeninae (09/11)
Polyommatinae (47/71)
Riodinidae (11/11): Punches and Judies
Commonly known as Punches or Judies, these butterflies show rather weak flight, often perch on leaves with wings half open. They are mostly found inside forests.
Nemeobiinae (11/11)
Nymphalidae (150/240): Brush-footed Butterflies
Commonly known as the brush-footed butterflies, members of this family have only four functional legs while the forelegs are vestigial. Previously it was separated into different families such as Danaindae, Satyridae, Libytheidae, etc. which now are treated as the subfamilies of Nymphalidae.
Libytheinae (02/02)
Libythea celtis lepita - common beak/दन्तपंखी चुच्चे |
Libythea myrrha sanguinalis - club beak/चुच्चे |
Heliconiinae (10/18)
Nymphalinae (18/22)
Biblidinae (02/02)
Ariadne ariadne pallidor - angled castor/आङ्कुसे अन्डीर * |
Ariadne merione - common castor/अन्डीर |
Limenitidinae (40/57)
Cyrestinae (05/05)
Apaturinae (07/12)
Charaxinae (07/11)
Morphinae (02/04)
Satyrinae (46/91)
Danainae (11/15)
Calinaginae (00/01)
Calinaga buddha gautama - freak/सनकी |
Tentative Species : Awaiting Confirmation
These are the species which either need genitalia dissection, or strong photographic evidence to be included in the checklist. Some of these were in the earlier checklists but have been transferred to the tentative list due to the lack of proper evidence. They are also kept in the main list for proper picture comparision but not included in the species count.
Removed Species
These are the species which were kept in Smith (2010) but were later removed by Van der Poel and Smetacek (2023) because it isn't certain if the records were from the correct sources. There are no specimens or photographs of the species available from Nepal. Some, on the other hand, such as Iraota maecenas are not valid species anymore.
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